Early Detection Matters: Understanding Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the United States. The good news: Early detection can save lives. We spoke with Dr. Charles Bloom, chief medical officer at HAP, about what everyone should know when it comes to screening, risk factors and prevention.

Charles Bloom, DO, FACOEP
HAP Senior Vice President, Chief Medical Officer

Q: Why is breast cancer screening so important?

Dr. Bloom: Screening allows us to find breast cancer before symptoms develop. When detected early, treatment is often easier and more effective. Mammograms in particular can reduce breast cancer death rates by up to 30 percent. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that women at average risk begin screening every two years starting at age 40.

Q: What screenings should women consider?

Dr. Bloom: A mammogram is the most common and reliable tool. For most women, we recommend discussing mammograms with your doctor beginning at age 40. Some women may benefit from advanced breast imaging depending on body type and individual risk factors. The key is to work with your healthcare provider to find the right plan for you.

Q: What happens if my screening shows something unusual?

Dr. Bloom: An abnormal result does not necessarily mean cancer. Often, we recommend a biopsy, which is a simple procedure to take a sample of breast tissue for closer study. Most biopsies do not show cancer, but it is the only way to know for sure.

Q: Who is at higher risk for breast cancer?

Dr. Bloom: Risk increases with age, a family history of breast cancer or inherited genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2. Other factors include previous radiation exposure to the chest, obesity after menopause and never having children. But here is something important: about 80 percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a family history of the disease.

Q: Can men get breast cancer?

Dr. Bloom: Yes, although it is rare. Breast cancer is about 100 times more common in women, but men can and do develop it. Awareness matters for everyone.

Q: Do race and ethnicity affect risk?

Dr. Bloom: Yes. For example, African American women are more likely to develop breast cancer at younger ages and to have more aggressive forms. Women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent also have a higher risk. On the other hand, Asian American, Native American and Native Alaskan women tend to have lower rates.

Q: Should I consider genetic testing?

Dr. Bloom: Genetic testing for BRCA1 or BRCA2 may be appropriate if you or close relatives have a history of breast, ovarian, prostate or pancreatic cancer, especially at a younger age. A doctor or genetic counselor can help determine if testing is right for you.

Q: How else can I protect myself?

Dr. Bloom: Be aware of changes in your breasts such as lumps, discharge or skin changes and report them to your doctor. Stay proactive by keeping up with recommended screenings. And remember, health plans like HAP also offer supportive resources such as 24/7 nurse hotlines, wellness programs and care coordination for those in treatment.

Dr. Bloom’s bottom line:
“Breast cancer can affect anyone. Early detection and regular screenings give us the best chance to treat it successfully. Talk with your doctor about the screenings that are right for you and take charge of your health.”

Take charge of your health today. Talk to your doctor or use our Find a Doctor tool to connect with the right provider for you.